Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease, which is characterized by insulin deficiency on one scale or another. As a result of the pathology, hyperglycemia may occur, that is, an increase in blood sugar, which will lead to various metabolic disorders and complications.
Diabetes is in third place in prevalence after cancer and cardiovascular disease. Worldwide, more than one hundred million people are currently known with the disease. Everyone 15 years, the number of cases doubles.
Drugs that can completely eliminate the manifestations of diabetes does not exist. If the disease is not treated for a long time, then irreversible disorders occur in the vessels of various organs.
To notice the symptoms of timely pathology, you need to know which types of diabetes exist.
Types of diabetes
In medicine, some types of diabetes are issued. The term itself reveals a whole list of diseases with common features. The characteristics of diabetes and their types consist of the pathological level of blood sugar.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause glucose in cells from the blood. However, the result is always the same: with strong blood saturation with sugar, cells cannot eat normally.
When sugar does not fall into the cells, it draws water over itself. A liquid blood flow filling passes through the kidneys and dehydration occurs. Despite what diabetes has, there are such symptoms:
Typepe every kind of disease is distinguished by its characteristic effect on the human body. Diabetes, whose types have their changes, maybe:
The first type of diabetes mellitus
Insulin dependent diabetes is called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas, organic that produces insulin. People with type 1 diabetes, insulin or have no at all, or it is in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease appears at a young age. It is determined by symptoms such as frequent severe thirst, rapid urination, rapid weight loss, strong feeling of hunger and appearance of acetone in the urine.
The treatment of this variety of the disease is to present the desired dose of the hormone from the outside. Other therapeutic actions are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes appears more often due to genetic predisposition. Such a disease can provoke one or more negative factors, starting pathological changes in the immune system.
As a result, pancreatic cells are deformed, producing insulin. Lack of hormone leads to the fact that carbohydrates cannot be completely thrown into the body, and the lack of energy is trying to constitute fat processing.
Toxic substances begin to enter the brain. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly check the current state of the body and the blood glucose content.
The disease can occur due to:
Such diabetes is up to 15% of the total number of patients. Most often, children and adolescents get sick. The disease occurs due to a passive lifestyle and the constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes can appear when you get:
Sometimes diabetes, and then the overweight first. Type 1 disease has such symptoms:
Often patients rapidly lose body weight, or vice versa gain weight. Diabetes can be:
The disease can be mild, medium or serious. By the nature of the course, the disease is divided into insulin dependent and insulin dependent. Due to the high blood sugar content, buds and blood vessels are deformed.
Therefore, people suffering from a type 1 disease, in many cases, lose their eyesight, becoming almost blind. There are also two main manifestations: first a kidney violation, then - the failure of this organ. Often patients mark pain and numbness of the limbs. This is due to violation of blood circulation and nerve damage.
In case of violation of the blood flow to the foot, there is a high risk of amputation of the feet. With type 1 diseases, there is a high volume of blood cholesterol, therefore, in diabetics, cases of stroke or myocardial infarction are not rare.
In men with diabetes, powerlessness often develops, as nerves and blood vessels cease to exist in a healthy regime. Because of the pathology, they appear:
One of the pathologies that pose a great risk is hypoglycemic coma. This condition often leads to death.
Patients with diabetes should determine blood sugar levels daily using special equipment created for home conditions. If necessary, the urine is prescribed for the sugar content.
If glucose levels have increased, then insulin injections are required to treat the disease of 1 type. This hormone is involved in metabolism, allowing the body to process carbohydrates.
If there is no adequate treatment of type 1 diabetes, then serious complications occur. In some cases, death is possible. Sometimes a person needs hospitalization to establish the complexity of the situation.
In stationary conditions, the patient is taught new sugar control skills.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of disease occurs with insufficient insulin products from the pancreas. The condition also aggravates a decrease in the activity of the cells of this organ. Typically, the pathology is formed due to the inherited tissue inherited to the hormone.
The fabrics that undergo insulin have insulin receptors. Due to the appearance of the pathology of these receptors, tissue immunity to insulin develops. The secretion of the hormone does not decrease, forming the relative lack of insulin.
In patients with obesity, first of all, there is a decrease in the function of insulin receptors. The flow leads to an excessive formation of blood glucose, while non -converting tissue does not make it possible to get glucose in the cells.
Since a sufficient amount of insulin is needed to get sugar in cells, its excess pancreatic products begin, which is wrapped in the exhaustion of beta cells.
2 by the type of diabetes in medicine is not considered hereditary pathology, but a disease of the style of the wrong life. Even with existing severe inheritance, such a violation will not be formed if:
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes are not specific. The person does not notice their manifestations, in most cases, as there is no significant deterioration in well -being. But knowing the symptoms, you cannot miss the moment of their appearance and consult a doctor in time, determining the concentration of blood glucose. Therefore, successful compensation for diabetes will be created, the risk of complications will decrease significantly.
The main manifestations of this pathology:
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
The disease can be found for the first time when you enter the hospital due to a stroke or heart attack. Such diseases indicate that diabetes is at a serious stage.
Common symptoms manifest only with an increase in sugar levels above the kidney threshold - 10 mmol /l. With this increase in glucose, it appears in the urine. If the value does not reach 10 mmmol/l of blood, then a person does not feel changes in the body.
It can be noted that random installation of type 2 diabetes is a very common phenomenon.
For diabetes therapy, 2 types are used: the following tools are used:
Gestational
The gestational form of the disease can appear in a pregnant woman. The pathology is formed due to insufficient production of insulin, which is needed for regulating blood sugar.
During pregnancy, the woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which provides the needs of the fetus. This process is especially important in the second half of children.
If there is insulin deficiency, then blood glucose levels are constantly increasing, giving it the opportunity to form a type of gestational diabetes. This disease usually occurs independently, immediately after the birth of children.
This is a characteristic feature that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes, which are chronic.
Latent diabetes
A large number of unclear moments are associated with diabetes. The most common types of disease are the first and second types. It is worth noting that there is an intermediate type of this dangerous disease called Diabetes Lada.
Such a disease occurs in adulthood. This variety of disease is dangerous in that for a long time can be disguised as type 2 diabetes. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a serious autoimmune disease. The immune system begins to attack its body, constantly destroying beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. But such patients can do without insulin injections for a long time, unlike those who are more type 1 diabetes.
With a latent form of diabetes, immune processes continue slowly. In the pancreas, the working beta cells are preserved. Patients show treatment with medicines that are intended for diabetics with the 2nd type of diabetes. Over time, antibodies are increasingly destroying beta cells, which leads to a serious decrease in the amount of insulin and the inevitable use of insulin therapy.
Hidden
The hidden diabetes mellitus has another name: latent or sleeping. This pathology is a diabetes at an early stage.
With a preliminary stage of diabetes, sugar and its blood indicators it never exceeds the rate. In the initial stage of the disease, a violation of glucose tolerance is recorded. Further, after the sugar load, a person is recorded in very slow blood, but a decrease in glucose concentration.
Such people have a very high probability of diabetes in 10-15 years. This disease does not require specific complex therapy, but continuous medical observation is important. The latent type of diabetes mellitus can occur over the years.
To develop it, sometimes it is enough to survive a serious nervous disorder or get a viral infection.
Diabetes not -adalar
Non -Adalar diabetes is a pathology, which is caused by the absolute or relative lack of vasopressin, a hormone, which has an antidiuretic effect. People suffer from sudden urination and thirst. Sleep is broken significantly, and a person may not normally restore strength.
About 6-15 liters of loose, light urine are released per day. There is also a lack of appetite and weight loss. A person is constantly tired and irritated, dry skin and lack of sweating is observed.
Subcompensated diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that consists of impaired carbohydrate metabolism. All medical measures are intended to normalize it. It is quite difficult to achieve a steady effect. Due to prolonged therapy, the level of carbohydrate metabolism can fluctuate and have different values.
There are several forms that allow you to compensate for this dangerous disease. We're talking:
The decompensated form is characterized by the fact that there is almost no improvement in carbohydrate metabolism. There is a high concentration of blood glucose, acetone and sugar are found in the urine.
Under -compressed diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar does not differ much from the norm, it also has no acetone in the urine. With the compensated form of the disease, a person has glucose in normal, while there is no sugar in the urine.
Diabetes
The disease can be differentiated from the nature of the course to the labile and stable. The labile type of disease is characterized by a significant fluctuation of blood glucose daily.
In such people, hypoglycemia occurs, most often from dinner. Late at night and early in the morning there is a strong thirst and hyperglymp. The hidden course of the disease is often associated with the formation of ketoacidosis, which often leads to a state of diabetic coma.
A rapid replacement of hypoglycemia hypoglycemia is characteristic of youth and child diabetes. The stability of the course of the disease is characteristic of its average phase. The disease continues Labilly when it is severe.